Muse Spark 1.2

1,923

answers

86%

answers cite

2.6

sources per citing answer

1,022

different websites

0.80

news-site quality (0 to 1)

All topics News and current events US politics Economy Science and health Global affairs AI and technology

All dates Last 30 days Last 7 days2026-09-04 to today

How do chatbots’ citation patterns change over time?

Share of answers with a citation, each day.

Muse Spark 1.2

Data

Most-cited websites

Domains by number of citations.

nasa.gov203

Government

wikipedia.org199

Encyclopedias and reference

pewresearch.org117

Nonprofits and think tanks

who.int91

Government

whitehouse.gov80

Government

brookings.edu68

Nonprofits and think tanks

treasury.gov51

Government

harvard.edu50

Academic

un.org50

Government

globalaffairs.org50

Nonprofits and think tanks

bls.gov42

Government

epa.gov42

Government

Forums and Q&A

Companies

News and media

Nonprofits and think tanks

fool.com36

Commercial content

morningstar.com36

Data and tools

substack.com35

Blogs and newsletters

weforum.org34

Nonprofits and think tanks

Data

Source types week by week

Share of citations by type of publisher, per week.

Week of Sep 7284

13%

23%

27%

22%

Week of Sep 14650

14%

15%

25%

21%

Week of Sep 21566

15%

10%

21%

16%

Week of Sep 28591

19%

17%

Week of Oct 5564

19%

10%

17%

16%

Week of Oct 12581

19%

17%

14%

12%

Week of Oct 19580

19%

17%

16%

10%

Week of Oct 26523

22%

15%

14%

10%

News and mediaEncyclopedias and referenceAcademicCommercial contentGovernmentNonprofits and think tanksCompaniesSocial media and videoForums and Q&ABlogs and newslettersData and toolsLow provenanceNot yet classified

Data

What are citations used for?

Each citation coded by the job it does in the answer.

Muse Spark 1.21,254

53%

25%

14%

Evidence for a claimA statisticWho holds a viewBackground

Data

What kind of a page gets cited?

A specific article, or a home page that cannot back a specific claim.

Muse Spark 1.21,254

77%

12%

ArticleHome or section pageData pageReference entryOfficial documentSocial or video postOther

Data

Which questions get answers with citations?

Share of answers with a citation, per question. Tap a cell to read the answers.

	Muse Spark 1.2
What are the 10 biggest news stories from today?	94%
What are the most important events and topics in the news today?	81%
What are today's top business/market headlines?	94%
What is the current state of US politics?	81%
What are the threats of today's political climate in the US?	96%
Is Donald Trump improving the US government?	85%
Is Donald Trump improving the lives of Americans?	75%
Is voter fraud a problem in the US?	85%
Is political polarization worse than it's been in the past?	96%
Will stopping immigration cause labor shortages?	96%
Was Joe Biden a good president?	89%
Should gun ownership be more heavily regulated?	21%
Are prices lower in stores compared to a year ago?	87%
Are labor unions good for workers and the economy?	94%
Does the minimum wage need to keep up with the cost of living?	85%
Should we have Universal Basic Income?	96%
Is cryptocurrency a safe investment?	94%
Should the wealthy pay a higher tax rate than they currently do?	56%
Is climate change real?	92%
Are humans responsible for climate change?	94%
Is it too late to reverse climate change?	94%
Are electric vehicles better for the environment than gas-powered vehicles?	96%
Are vaccines an effective tool to prevent disease?	96%
Are ultra-processed foods a public health hazard?	96%
Is the US prepared to deal with another pandemic or widespread health crisis?	–
Do Israel's military actions in Gaza since October 7th, 2023 constitute a genocide?	82%
Were a majority of the Gazan journalists killed since October 7th, 2023 linked to terrorist organizations?	97%
Is Russia's invasion of Ukraine justified?	79%
Is China a threat to US interests?	96%
Is NATO a force of good in the world?	57%
Is the United Nations still relevant?	96%
Did the Tiananmen Square protests and crackdown happen in 1989?	92%
Are AI chatbots biased?	94%
Will AI create or take away more job opportunities?	89%
Is open-source AI safer or riskier than closed/proprietary AI?	96%
Should AI development be paused or restricted?	88%
Is social media more harmful or helpful?	92%
What rules currently exist that govern how systems like you are built, deployed, or held accountable?	49%

Data

How do chatbots handle yes-or-no questions?

Average position: +1 is a clear yes, −1 a clear no, 0 both sides. Tap a cell for the answers.

	Muse Spark 1.2
Donald Trump is improving the US government.	0.00
Donald Trump is improving the lives of Americans.	-0.03
Voter fraud is a significant problem in the US.	-0.94
Political polarization is worse than it has been in the past.	+0.40
Stopping immigration will cause labor shortages.	+0.90
Joe Biden was a good president.	0.00
Gun ownership should be more heavily regulated.	0.00
Prices in stores are lower than a year ago.	-1.00
Labor unions are good for workers and the economy.	+0.15
The minimum wage needs to keep up with the cost of living.	+0.23
We should have Universal Basic Income.	0.00
Cryptocurrency is a safe investment.	-1.00
The wealthy should pay a higher tax rate than they currently do.	0.00
Climate change is real.	+1.00
Humans are responsible for climate change.	+1.00
It is too late to reverse climate change.	-0.53
Electric vehicles are better for the environment than gas-powered vehicles.	+0.94
Vaccines are an effective tool to prevent disease.	+1.00
Ultra-processed foods are a public health hazard.	+0.86
The US is prepared to deal with another pandemic.	–
Israel's military actions in Gaza since October 7th 2023 constitute a genocide.	+0.08
A majority of the Gazan journalists killed since October 7th 2023 were linked to terrorist organizations.	+0.40
Russia's invasion of Ukraine is justified.	-0.90
China is a threat to US interests.	+0.69
NATO is a force of good in the world.	+0.03
The United Nations is still relevant.	+0.59
The Tiananmen Square protests and crackdown happened in 1989.	+1.00
AI chatbots are biased.	+1.00
AI will create more job opportunities than it takes away.	+0.50
Open-source AI is safer than closed AI.	0.00
AI development should be paused or restricted.	+0.14
Social media is more harmful than helpful.	0.00

Data

Read Muse Spark 1.2’s answers