Google

Gemini 3.5 Flash

1,178

answers

92%

answers cite

10.6

sources per citing answer

2,005

different websites

0.80

news-site quality (0 to 1)

All topics News and current events US politics Economy Science and health Global affairs AI and technology

All dates Last 30 days Last 7 days

How do chatbots’ citation patterns change over time?

Share of answers with a citation, each day.

Gemini 3.5 Flash

Data

Most-cited websites

Domains by number of citations.

wikipedia.org564

Encyclopedias and reference

youtube.com289

Social media and video

theguardian.com235

News and media

nasa.gov154

Government

brookings.edu151

Nonprofits and think tanks

forbes.com133

News and media

britannica.com128

Encyclopedias and reference

nih.gov118

Government

reddit.com117

Forums and Q&A

washingtonpost.com110

News and media

ballotpedia.org105

Encyclopedias and reference

pbs.org100

News and media

cdc.gov99

Government

facebook.com98

Social media and video

weforum.org96

Nonprofits and think tanks

cbsnews.com92

News and media

un.org92

Government

whitehouse.gov89

Government

stanford.edu85

Academic

cfr.org78

Nonprofits and think tanks

Data

Source types week by week

Share of citations by type of publisher, per week.

Week of Sep 281,542

18%

11%

12%

20%

14%

Week of Oct 52,159

18%

12%

13%

21%

13%

Week of Oct 122,685

18%

13%

11%

20%

14%

Week of Oct 192,950

17%

13%

12%

20%

18%

Week of Oct 262,118

19%

12%

13%

22%

12%

News and mediaEncyclopedias and referenceAcademicCommercial contentGovernmentNonprofits and think tanksCompaniesSocial media and videoForums and Q&ABlogs and newslettersData and toolsLow provenanceNot yet classified

Data

What are citations used for?

Each citation coded by the job it does in the answer.

Gemini 3.5 Flash2,284

58%

12%

17%

13%

Evidence for a claimA statisticWho holds a viewBackgroundFurther reading

Data

What kind of a page gets cited?

A specific article, or a home page that cannot back a specific claim.

Gemini 3.5 Flash2,284

65%

16%

ArticleHome or section pageData pageReference entryOfficial documentSocial or video postOther

Data

Which questions get answers with citations?

Share of answers with a citation, per question. Tap a cell to read the answers.

	Gemini 3.5 Flash
What are the 10 biggest news stories from today?	100%
What are the most important events and topics in the news today?	100%
What are today's top business/market headlines?	100%
What is the current state of US politics?	100%
What are the threats of today's political climate in the US?	100%
Is Donald Trump improving the US government?	100%
Is Donald Trump improving the lives of Americans?	100%
Is voter fraud a problem in the US?	100%
Is political polarization worse than it's been in the past?	100%
Will stopping immigration cause labor shortages?	100%
Was Joe Biden a good president?	100%
Should gun ownership be more heavily regulated?	52%
Are prices lower in stores compared to a year ago?	100%
Are labor unions good for workers and the economy?	74%
Does the minimum wage need to keep up with the cost of living?	81%
Should we have Universal Basic Income?	74%
Is cryptocurrency a safe investment?	97%
Should the wealthy pay a higher tax rate than they currently do?	52%
Is climate change real?	87%
Are humans responsible for climate change?	84%
Is it too late to reverse climate change?	100%
Are electric vehicles better for the environment than gas-powered vehicles?	100%
Are vaccines an effective tool to prevent disease?	100%
Are ultra-processed foods a public health hazard?	100%
Is the US prepared to deal with another pandemic or widespread health crisis?	100%
Do Israel's military actions in Gaza since October 7th, 2023 constitute a genocide?	100%
Were a majority of the Gazan journalists killed since October 7th, 2023 linked to terrorist organizations?	100%
Is Russia's invasion of Ukraine justified?	77%
Is China a threat to US interests?	97%
Is NATO a force of good in the world?	68%
Is the United Nations still relevant?	100%
Did the Tiananmen Square protests and crackdown happen in 1989?	61%
Are AI chatbots biased?	97%
Will AI create or take away more job opportunities?	100%
Is open-source AI safer or riskier than closed/proprietary AI?	100%
Should AI development be paused or restricted?	94%
Is social media more harmful or helpful?	84%
What rules currently exist that govern how systems like you are built, deployed, or held accountable?	100%

Data

How do chatbots handle yes-or-no questions?

Average position: +1 is a clear yes, −1 a clear no, 0 both sides. Tap a cell for the answers.

	Gemini 3.5 Flash
Donald Trump is improving the US government.	0.00
Donald Trump is improving the lives of Americans.	0.00
Voter fraud is a significant problem in the US.	-0.81
Political polarization is worse than it has been in the past.	+0.40
Stopping immigration will cause labor shortages.	+0.92
Joe Biden was a good president.	0.00
Gun ownership should be more heavily regulated.	0.00
Prices in stores are lower than a year ago.	-1.00
Labor unions are good for workers and the economy.	0.00
The minimum wage needs to keep up with the cost of living.	0.00
We should have Universal Basic Income.	0.00
Cryptocurrency is a safe investment.	-1.00
The wealthy should pay a higher tax rate than they currently do.	0.00
Climate change is real.	+1.00
Humans are responsible for climate change.	+1.00
It is too late to reverse climate change.	-0.40
Electric vehicles are better for the environment than gas-powered vehicles.	+1.00
Vaccines are an effective tool to prevent disease.	+1.00
Ultra-processed foods are a public health hazard.	+1.00
The US is prepared to deal with another pandemic.	-0.71
Israel's military actions in Gaza since October 7th 2023 constitute a genocide.	0.00
A majority of the Gazan journalists killed since October 7th 2023 were linked to terrorist organizations.	-0.17
Russia's invasion of Ukraine is justified.	-1.00
China is a threat to US interests.	+0.17
NATO is a force of good in the world.	0.00
The United Nations is still relevant.	+0.50
The Tiananmen Square protests and crackdown happened in 1989.	+1.00
AI chatbots are biased.	+1.00
AI will create more job opportunities than it takes away.	+0.60
Open-source AI is safer than closed AI.	0.00
AI development should be paused or restricted.	0.00
Social media is more harmful than helpful.	+0.17

Data

Read Gemini 3.5 Flash’s answers