All chatbots
Meta
Muse Spark 1.2
185
answers
99%
answers cite
2.4
sources per citing answer
106
different websites
0.82
news-site quality (0 to 1)
How do chatbots’ citation patterns change over time?
Share of answers with a citation, each day.
Muse Spark 1.2
Most-cited websites
Domains by number of citations.
Source types week by week
Share of citations by type of publisher, per week.
Week of Sep 2855
16%
9%
55%
Week of Oct 598
18%
12%
60%
Week of Oct 12101
15%
10%
54%
Week of Oct 1998
14%
9%
52%
10%
Week of Oct 2689
26%
45%
News and mediaEncyclopedias and referenceAcademicCommercial contentGovernmentNonprofits and think tanksCompaniesBlogs and newslettersLow provenanceNot yet classified
What are citations used for?
Each citation coded by the job it does in the answer.
51%
17%
21%
12%
Evidence for a claimA statisticWho holds a viewBackground
What kind of a page gets cited?
A specific article, or a home page that cannot back a specific claim.
81%
ArticleHome or section pageData pageReference entryOfficial document
Which questions get answers with citations?
Share of answers with a citation, per question. Tap a cell to read the answers.
How do chatbots handle yes-or-no questions?
Average position: +1 is a clear yes, −1 a clear no, 0 both sides. Tap a cell for the answers.