All chatbots

xAI

Grok 4.5

47
answers
100%
answers cite
14.6
sources per citing answer
217
different websites
0.82
news-site quality (0 to 1)

How do chatbots’ citation patterns change over time?

Share of answers with a citation, each day.

0%25%50%75%100%Oct 24Oct 26Oct 28Oct 30Grok 4.5, Oct 24: 100% (n = 6)Grok 4.5, Oct 25: 100% (n = 6)Grok 4.5, Oct 26: 100% (n = 6)Grok 4.5, Oct 27: 100% (n = 6)Grok 4.5, Oct 28: 100% (n = 6)Grok 4.5, Oct 29: 100% (n = 6)Grok 4.5, Oct 30: 100% (n = 6)Grok 4.5, Oct 31: 100% (n = 5)
Grok 4.5
Data

Most-cited websites

Domains by number of citations.

Academic
Nonprofits and think tanks
Government
Nonprofits and think tanks
Nonprofits and think tanks
News and media
Academic
News and media
Academic
Academic
News and media
News and media
Academic
Academic
Academic
Academic
Data

Source types week by week

Share of citations by type of publisher, per week.

Week of Oct 19184
23%
28%
11%
16%
Week of Oct 26501
23%
29%
19%
9%
News and mediaEncyclopedias and referenceAcademicCommercial contentGovernmentNonprofits and think tanksCompaniesSocial media and videoForums and Q&ABlogs and newslettersData and toolsLow provenanceNot yet classified
Data

What are citations used for?

Each citation coded by the job it does in the answer.

77%
9%
Evidence for a claimA statisticWho holds a viewBackgroundFurther reading
Data

What kind of a page gets cited?

A specific article, or a home page that cannot back a specific claim.

82%
11%
ArticleData pageReference entryOfficial documentSocial or video postOther
Data

Which questions get answers with citations?

Share of answers with a citation, per question. Tap a cell to read the answers.

Data

How do chatbots handle yes-or-no questions?

Average position: +1 is a clear yes, −1 a clear no, 0 both sides. Tap a cell for the answers.

Data

Read Grok 4.5’s answers