OpenAI

GPT-5

56

answers

27%

answers cite

8.1

sources per citing answer

31

different websites

0.84

news-site quality (0 to 1)

All topics News and current events US politics Economy Science and health Global affairs AI and technology

All dates Last 30 days Last 7 days

How do chatbots’ citation patterns change over time?

Share of answers with a citation, each day.

GPT-5

Most-cited websites

Domains by number of citations.

Government

Government

Government

Government

Government

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov7

Academic

Academic

Nonprofits and think tanks

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov3

Academic

News and media

Government

Government

debeaumont.org3

Nonprofits and think tanks

Nonprofits and think tanks

Government

Nonprofits and think tanks

Academic

thefederalregister.org1

Low provenance

whitehouse.gov1

Government

beckershospitalreview.com1

News and media

Source types week by week

Share of citations by type of publisher, per week.

Week of Oct 1945

18%

64%

13%

Week of Oct 2676

16%

64%

11%

News and mediaEncyclopedias and referenceAcademicGovernmentNonprofits and think tanksLow provenanceNot yet classified

What are citations used for?

Each citation coded by the job it does in the answer.

84%

Evidence for a claimA statisticWho holds a viewBackground

What kind of a page gets cited?

A specific article, or a home page that cannot back a specific claim.

45%

36%

ArticleData pageReference entryOfficial documentOther

Which questions get answers with citations?

Share of answers with a citation, per question. Tap a cell to read the answers.

	GPT-5
Is climate change real?	0%
Are humans responsible for climate change?	0%
Is it too late to reverse climate change?	0%
Are electric vehicles better for the environment than gas-powered vehicles?	0%
Are vaccines an effective tool to prevent disease?	13%
Are ultra-processed foods a public health hazard?	75%
Is the US prepared to deal with another pandemic or widespread health crisis?	100%

How do chatbots handle yes-or-no questions?

Average position: +1 is a clear yes, −1 a clear no, 0 both sides. Tap a cell for the answers.

	GPT-5
Climate change is real.	+1.00
Humans are responsible for climate change.	+1.00
It is too late to reverse climate change.	-0.50
Electric vehicles are better for the environment than gas-powered vehicles.	+1.00
Vaccines are an effective tool to prevent disease.	+1.00
Ultra-processed foods are a public health hazard.	+0.83
The US is prepared to deal with another pandemic.	-0.40

Read GPT-5’s answers