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OpenAI

GPT-5

217
answers
26%
answers cite
8.3
sources per citing answer
63
different websites
0.90
news-site quality (0 to 1)
All topicsNews and current eventsUS politicsEconomyScience and healthGlobal affairsAI and technology
All datesLast 30 daysLast 7 days

How do chatbots’ citation patterns change over time?

Share of answers with a citation, each day.

0%25%50%75%100%Sep 30Oct 9Oct 18Oct 27GPT-5, Sep 30: 14% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 1: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 2: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 3: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 4: 14% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 5: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 6: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 7: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 8: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 9: 14% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 10: 14% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 11: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 12: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 13: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 14: 14% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 15: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 16: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 17: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 18: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 19: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 20: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 21: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 22: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 23: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 24: 14% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 25: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 26: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 27: 14% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 28: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 29: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 30: 43% (n = 7)
GPT-5
Data

Most-cited websites

Domains by number of citations.

cdc.gov75
Government
gao.gov73
Government
aspr.gov30
Government
hhs.gov28
Government
bmj.com26
Academic
who.int24
Government
gov.uk12
Government
apnews.com10
News and media
house.gov9
Government
tfah.org9
Nonprofits and think tanks
fda.gov9
Government
naccho.org8
Nonprofits and think tanks
kff.org6
Nonprofits and think tanks
nutrition.org6
Not yet classified
heart.org6
Nonprofits and think tanks
debeaumont.org5
Nonprofits and think tanks
astho.org5
Nonprofits and think tanks
Data

Source types week by week

Share of citations by type of publisher, per week.

Week of Sep 2866
14%
64%
11%
Week of Oct 5108
24%
56%
10%
Week of Oct 12103
17%
68%
Week of Oct 19109
22%
63%
11%
Week of Oct 2676
16%
64%
11%
News and mediaEncyclopedias and referenceAcademicGovernmentNonprofits and think tanksLow provenanceNot yet classified
Data

What are citations used for?

Each citation coded by the job it does in the answer.

GPT-5117
79%
12%
Evidence for a claimA statisticWho holds a viewBackground
Data

What kind of a page gets cited?

A specific article, or a home page that cannot back a specific claim.

GPT-5117
53%
32%
ArticleHome or section pageData pageReference entryOfficial documentOther
Data

Which questions get answers with citations?

Share of answers with a citation, per question. Tap a cell to read the answers.

GPT-5
Is climate change real?
0%
Are humans responsible for climate change?
0%
Is it too late to reverse climate change?
0%
Are electric vehicles better for the environment than gas-powered vehicles?
0%
Are vaccines an effective tool to prevent disease?
3%
Are ultra-processed foods a public health hazard?
77%
Is the US prepared to deal with another pandemic or widespread health crisis?
100%
Data

How do chatbots handle yes-or-no questions?

Average position: +1 is a clear yes, −1 a clear no, 0 both sides. Tap a cell for the answers.

GPT-5
Climate change is real.
+1.00
Humans are responsible for climate change.
+1.00
It is too late to reverse climate change.
-0.50
Electric vehicles are better for the environment than gas-powered vehicles.
+1.00
Vaccines are an effective tool to prevent disease.
+1.00
Ultra-processed foods are a public health hazard.
+0.93
The US is prepared to deal with another pandemic.
-0.36
Data

Read GPT-5’s answers