All chatbots

OpenAI

GPT-5

350
answers
26%
answers cite
8.3
sources per citing answer
75
different websites
0.91
news-site quality (0 to 1)
All topicsNews and current eventsUS politicsEconomyScience and healthGlobal affairsAI and technology
All datesLast 30 daysLast 7 days

How do chatbots’ citation patterns change over time?

Share of answers with a citation, each day.

0%25%50%75%100%Sep 11Sep 25Oct 9Oct 23GPT-5, Sep 11: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Sep 12: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Sep 13: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Sep 14: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Sep 15: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Sep 16: 14% (n = 7)GPT-5, Sep 17: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Sep 18: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Sep 19: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Sep 20: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Sep 21: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Sep 22: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Sep 23: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Sep 24: 14% (n = 7)GPT-5, Sep 25: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Sep 26: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Sep 27: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Sep 28: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Sep 29: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Sep 30: 14% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 1: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 2: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 3: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 4: 14% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 5: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 6: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 7: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 8: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 9: 14% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 10: 14% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 11: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 12: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 13: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 14: 14% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 15: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 16: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 17: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 18: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 19: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 20: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 21: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 22: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 23: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 24: 14% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 25: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 26: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 27: 14% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 28: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 29: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 30: 43% (n = 7)
GPT-5
Data

Most-cited websites

Domains by number of citations.

cdc.gov132
Government
gao.gov118
Government
bmj.com45
Academic
aspr.gov45
Government
hhs.gov39
Government
who.int30
Government
gov.uk24
Government
apnews.com18
News and media
house.gov15
Government
tfah.org15
Nonprofits and think tanks
fda.gov13
Government
nutrition.org11
Not yet classified
ahajournals.org10
Academic
naccho.org10
Nonprofits and think tanks
kff.org9
Nonprofits and think tanks
everycrsreport.com9
Encyclopedias and reference
debeaumont.org9
Nonprofits and think tanks
Data

Source types week by week

Share of citations by type of publisher, per week.

Week of Sep 750
24%
56%
10%
Week of Sep 14110
17%
69%
Week of Sep 21104
22%
59%
Week of Sep 28102
16%
63%
10%
Week of Oct 5108
24%
56%
10%
Week of Oct 12103
17%
68%
Week of Oct 19109
22%
63%
11%
Week of Oct 2676
16%
64%
11%
News and mediaEncyclopedias and referenceAcademicGovernmentNonprofits and think tanksLow provenanceNot yet classified
Data

What are citations used for?

Each citation coded by the job it does in the answer.

GPT-5149
77%
11%
Evidence for a claimA statisticWho holds a viewBackground
Data

What kind of a page gets cited?

A specific article, or a home page that cannot back a specific claim.

GPT-5149
49%
38%
ArticleHome or section pageData pageReference entryOfficial documentOther
Data

Which questions get answers with citations?

Share of answers with a citation, per question. Tap a cell to read the answers.

GPT-5
Is climate change real?
0%
Are humans responsible for climate change?
0%
Is it too late to reverse climate change?
0%
Are electric vehicles better for the environment than gas-powered vehicles?
0%
Are vaccines an effective tool to prevent disease?
2%
Are ultra-processed foods a public health hazard?
82%
Is the US prepared to deal with another pandemic or widespread health crisis?
100%
Data

How do chatbots handle yes-or-no questions?

Average position: +1 is a clear yes, −1 a clear no, 0 both sides. Tap a cell for the answers.

GPT-5
Climate change is real.
+1.00
Humans are responsible for climate change.
+1.00
It is too late to reverse climate change.
-0.50
Electric vehicles are better for the environment than gas-powered vehicles.
+1.00
Vaccines are an effective tool to prevent disease.
+1.00
Ultra-processed foods are a public health hazard.
+0.89
The US is prepared to deal with another pandemic.
-0.39
Data

Read GPT-5’s answers