All chatbots

OpenAI

GPT-5

48
answers
17%
answers cite
18.6
sources per citing answer
43
different websites
1.00
news-site quality (0 to 1)
All topicsNews and current eventsUS politicsEconomyScience and healthGlobal affairsAI and technology
All datesLast 30 daysLast 7 days

How do chatbots’ citation patterns change over time?

Share of answers with a citation, each day.

0%25%50%75%100%Oct 23Oct 25Oct 27Oct 29GPT-5, Oct 23: 17% (n = 6)GPT-5, Oct 24: 17% (n = 6)GPT-5, Oct 25: 17% (n = 6)GPT-5, Oct 26: 17% (n = 6)GPT-5, Oct 27: 17% (n = 6)GPT-5, Oct 28: 17% (n = 6)GPT-5, Oct 29: 17% (n = 6)GPT-5, Oct 30: 17% (n = 6)
GPT-5
Data

Most-cited websites

Domains by number of citations.

europa.eu24
Government
nist.gov10
Government
nyc.gov8
Government
whitehouse.gov8
Government
colorado.gov8
Government
ftc.gov7
Government
coe.int6
Government
gov.uk6
Government
ca.gov5
Government
govinfo.gov5
Government
oecd.ai4
Government
cac.gov.cn4
Government
iso.org4
Nonprofits and think tanks
stanford.edu4
Academic
wa.gov3
Government
loc.gov2
Government
ncsl.org2
Nonprofits and think tanks
ieee.org2
Not yet classified
fda.gov2
Government
Data

Source types week by week

Share of citations by type of publisher, per week.

Week of Oct 1953
92%
Week of Oct 2696
80%
News and mediaEncyclopedias and referenceAcademicGovernmentNonprofits and think tanksCompaniesNot yet classified
Data

What are citations used for?

Each citation coded by the job it does in the answer.

GPT-555
100%
Evidence for a claim
Data

What kind of a page gets cited?

A specific article, or a home page that cannot back a specific claim.

GPT-555
38%
53%
ArticleData pageReference entryOfficial document
Data

Which questions get answers with citations?

Share of answers with a citation, per question. Tap a cell to read the answers.

GPT-5
Are AI chatbots biased?
0%
Will AI create or take away more job opportunities?
0%
Is open-source AI safer or riskier than closed/proprietary AI?
0%
Should AI development be paused or restricted?
0%
Is social media more harmful or helpful?
0%
What rules currently exist that govern how systems like you are built, deployed, or held accountable?
100%
Data

How do chatbots handle yes-or-no questions?

Average position: +1 is a clear yes, −1 a clear no, 0 both sides. Tap a cell for the answers.

GPT-5
AI chatbots are biased.
+1.00
AI will create more job opportunities than it takes away.
0.00
Open-source AI is safer than closed AI.
0.00
AI development should be paused or restricted.
+0.50
Social media is more harmful than helpful.
0.00
Data

Read GPT-5’s answers