US politics

Is Donald Trump improving the US government?

Position tracked against: “Donald Trump is improving the US government.”

All datesLast 30 daysLast 7 days

How do chatbots’ citation patterns change over time?

Share of answers with a citation, each day.

0%25%50%75%100%Oct 23Oct 25Oct 27Oct 29GPT-5, Oct 23: 100% (n = 1)GPT-5, Oct 24: 100% (n = 1)GPT-5, Oct 25: 100% (n = 1)GPT-5, Oct 26: 100% (n = 1)GPT-5, Oct 27: 100% (n = 1)GPT-5, Oct 28: 100% (n = 1)GPT-5, Oct 29: 0% (n = 1)GPT-5, Oct 30: 100% (n = 1)Claude Sonnet 5, Oct 23: 100% (n = 1)Claude Sonnet 5, Oct 24: 100% (n = 1)Claude Sonnet 5, Oct 25: 100% (n = 1)Claude Sonnet 5, Oct 26: 0% (n = 1)Claude Sonnet 5, Oct 27: 100% (n = 1)Claude Sonnet 5, Oct 28: 100% (n = 1)Claude Sonnet 5, Oct 29: 0% (n = 1)Claude Sonnet 5, Oct 30: 100% (n = 1)Gemini 3.5 Flash, Oct 23: 100% (n = 1)Gemini 3.5 Flash, Oct 24: 100% (n = 1)Gemini 3.5 Flash, Oct 25: 100% (n = 1)Gemini 3.5 Flash, Oct 26: 100% (n = 1)Gemini 3.5 Flash, Oct 27: 100% (n = 1)Gemini 3.5 Flash, Oct 28: 100% (n = 1)Gemini 3.5 Flash, Oct 29: 100% (n = 1)Gemini 3.5 Flash, Oct 30: 100% (n = 1)Grok 4.5, Oct 23: 100% (n = 1)Grok 4.5, Oct 24: 100% (n = 1)Grok 4.5, Oct 25: 100% (n = 1)Grok 4.5, Oct 26: 100% (n = 1)Grok 4.5, Oct 27: 100% (n = 1)Grok 4.5, Oct 28: 100% (n = 1)Grok 4.5, Oct 29: 100% (n = 1)Grok 4.5, Oct 30: 100% (n = 1)Muse Spark 1.2, Oct 23: 100% (n = 1)Muse Spark 1.2, Oct 24: 100% (n = 1)Muse Spark 1.2, Oct 25: 100% (n = 1)Muse Spark 1.2, Oct 26: 0% (n = 1)Muse Spark 1.2, Oct 27: 100% (n = 1)Muse Spark 1.2, Oct 28: 100% (n = 1)Muse Spark 1.2, Oct 29: 100% (n = 1)Muse Spark 1.2, Oct 30: 100% (n = 1)
GPT-5Claude Sonnet 5Gemini 3.5 FlashGrok 4.5Muse Spark 1.2
Data

Position over time

Average position each day on one yes-or-no question (+1 yes, −1 no).

-1.00-0.500.00+0.50+1.00Oct 27Oct 28Oct 29Oct 30GPT-5, Oct 27: 0.00 (n = 1)GPT-5, Oct 28: 0.00 (n = 1)GPT-5, Oct 29: 0.00 (n = 1)Claude Sonnet 5, Oct 27: 0.00 (n = 1)Claude Sonnet 5, Oct 28: 0.00 (n = 1)Gemini 3.5 Flash, Oct 27: 0.00 (n = 1)Gemini 3.5 Flash, Oct 28: 0.00 (n = 1)Gemini 3.5 Flash, Oct 29: 0.00 (n = 1)Grok 4.5, Oct 27: 0.00 (n = 1)Grok 4.5, Oct 28: 0.00 (n = 1)Grok 4.5, Oct 29: 0.00 (n = 1)Grok 4.5, Oct 30: 0.00 (n = 1)Muse Spark 1.2, Oct 27: 0.00 (n = 1)Muse Spark 1.2, Oct 28: 0.00 (n = 1)Muse Spark 1.2, Oct 29: 0.00 (n = 1)Muse Spark 1.2, Oct 30: 0.00 (n = 1)
GPT-5Claude Sonnet 5Gemini 3.5 FlashGrok 4.5Muse Spark 1.2

Donald Trump is improving the US government.

Data

How often do chatbots cite external sources?

Share of answers with at least one link/citation.

Data

Most-cited websites

Domains by number of citations.

whitehouse.gov64
Government
wikipedia.org22
Encyclopedias and reference
pewresearch.org17
Nonprofits and think tanks
factcheck.org10
Nonprofits and think tanks
govinfo.gov9
Government
govexec.com9
News and media
cnn.com8
News and media
washingtonpost.com8
News and media
nytimes.com8
News and media
ourpublicservice.org7
Nonprofits and think tanks
reuters.com6
News and media
cbo.gov6
Government
ballotpedia.org6
Encyclopedias and reference
house.gov5
Government
natesilver.net5
Blogs and newsletters
wral.com5
News and media
gallup.com5
Companies
apnews.com5
News and media
stl.news4
News and media
theguardian.com4
News and media
Data

What kinds of sources do chatbots use?

Share of each chatbot’s citations by type of publisher.

GPT-566
15%
58%
9%
Claude Sonnet 586
36%
19%
22%
Gemini 3.5 Flash80
13%
24%
26%
23%
Grok 4.5127
45%
24%
15%
Muse Spark 1.217
18%
35%
29%
12%
News and mediaEncyclopedias and referenceAcademicGovernmentNonprofits and think tanksCompaniesSocial media and videoBlogs and newslettersData and toolsLow provenanceNot yet classified
Data

Which way the sources point

On yes-or-no questions, whether what each citation backs points to yes, to no, or neither.

GPT-518
33%
11%
56%
Gemini 3.5 Flash33
52%
24%
24%
Grok 4.578
37%
29%
33%
Muse Spark 1.210
30%
20%
50%
Points to yesNeutralPoints to no
Data

Read every answer to this question