All chatbots
Meta
Muse Spark 1.2
300
answers
89%
answers cite
2.5
sources per citing answer
221
different websites
0.83
news-site quality (0 to 1)
How do chatbots’ citation patterns change over time?
Share of answers with a citation, each day.
Muse Spark 1.2
Most-cited websites
Domains by number of citations.
Source types week by week
Share of citations by type of publisher, per week.
Week of Sep 744
14%
41%
27%
Week of Sep 1499
14%
31%
25%
Week of Sep 2190
23%
13%
26%
Week of Sep 2897
14%
21%
11%
28%
Week of Oct 599
9%
16%
10%
21%
Week of Oct 1283
16%
16%
12%
29%
Week of Oct 1987
9%
21%
16%
9%
29%
Week of Oct 2673
15%
12%
12%
32%
News and mediaEncyclopedias and referenceAcademicCommercial contentGovernmentNonprofits and think tanksCompaniesSocial media and videoForums and Q&ABlogs and newslettersData and toolsLow provenanceNot yet classified
What are citations used for?
Each citation coded by the job it does in the answer.
42%
30%
15%
14%
Evidence for a claimA statisticWho holds a viewBackground
What kind of a page gets cited?
A specific article, or a home page that cannot back a specific claim.
75%
18%
ArticleData pageReference entryOfficial documentOther
Which questions get answers with citations?
Share of answers with a citation, per question. Tap a cell to read the answers.
How do chatbots handle yes-or-no questions?
Average position: +1 is a clear yes, −1 a clear no, 0 both sides. Tap a cell for the answers.