All chatbots

OpenAI

GPT-5

217
answers
40%
answers cite
7.8
sources per citing answer
107
different websites
0.88
news-site quality (0 to 1)
All topicsNews and current eventsUS politicsEconomyScience and healthGlobal affairsAI and technology
All datesLast 30 daysLast 7 days

How do chatbots’ citation patterns change over time?

Share of answers with a citation, each day.

0%25%50%75%100%Sep 30Oct 9Oct 18Oct 27GPT-5, Sep 30: 43% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 1: 43% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 2: 43% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 3: 43% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 4: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 5: 43% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 6: 43% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 7: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 8: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 9: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 10: 43% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 11: 43% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 12: 43% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 13: 43% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 14: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 15: 43% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 16: 57% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 17: 57% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 18: 43% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 19: 43% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 20: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 21: 43% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 22: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 23: 43% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 24: 43% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 25: 43% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 26: 43% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 27: 43% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 28: 43% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 29: 29% (n = 7)GPT-5, Oct 30: 29% (n = 7)
GPT-5
Data

Most-cited websites

Domains by number of citations.

bls.gov71
Government
cbo.gov40
Government
washingtonpost.com30
News and media
apnews.com30
News and media
govinfo.gov29
Government
fbi.gov26
Government
pewresearch.org26
Nonprofits and think tanks
whitehouse.gov25
Government
usa.gov22
Government
bea.gov21
Government
census.gov20
Government
gao.gov20
Government
ncsbe.gov20
Government
brennancenter.org19
Nonprofits and think tanks
heritage.org15
Nonprofits and think tanks
gallup.com14
Companies
opm.gov13
Government
axios.com12
News and media
cbp.gov11
Government
pbs.org10
News and media
Data

Source types week by week

Share of citations by type of publisher, per week.

Week of Sep 28110
22%
56%
15%
Week of Oct 5140
17%
59%
14%
Week of Oct 12172
11%
60%
13%
Week of Oct 19147
17%
63%
12%
Week of Oct 26101
12%
56%
15%
News and mediaEncyclopedias and referenceAcademicGovernmentNonprofits and think tanksCompaniesData and toolsLow provenanceNot yet classified
Data

What are citations used for?

Each citation coded by the job it does in the answer.

GPT-5124
60%
35%
Evidence for a claimA statisticWho holds a viewBackground
Data

What kind of a page gets cited?

A specific article, or a home page that cannot back a specific claim.

GPT-5124
37%
14%
47%
ArticleData pageReference entryOfficial documentOther
Data

Which questions get answers with citations?

Share of answers with a citation, per question. Tap a cell to read the answers.

GPT-5
Is Donald Trump improving the US government?
94%
Is Donald Trump improving the lives of Americans?
87%
Is voter fraud a problem in the US?
81%
Is political polarization worse than it's been in the past?
3%
Will stopping immigration cause labor shortages?
0%
Was Joe Biden a good president?
13%
Should gun ownership be more heavily regulated?
0%
Data

How do chatbots handle yes-or-no questions?

Average position: +1 is a clear yes, −1 a clear no, 0 both sides. Tap a cell for the answers.

GPT-5
Donald Trump is improving the US government.
0.00
Donald Trump is improving the lives of Americans.
0.00
Voter fraud is a significant problem in the US.
-0.90
Political polarization is worse than it has been in the past.
+0.40
Stopping immigration will cause labor shortages.
+0.60
Joe Biden was a good president.
0.00
Gun ownership should be more heavily regulated.
+0.50
Data

Read GPT-5’s answers