All chatbotsGoogle
Gemini 3.5 Flash
217
answers
86%
answers cite
9.6
sources per citing answer
319
different websites
0.80
news-site quality (0 to 1)
How do chatbots’ citation patterns change over time?
Share of answers with a citation, each day.
Gemini 3.5 Flash
Most-cited websites
Domains by number of citations.
Source types week by week
Share of citations by type of publisher, per week.
Week of Sep 28213
21%
13%
27%
9%
11%
Week of Oct 5306
27%
16%
24%
Week of Oct 12437
22%
11%
14%
24%
11%
Week of Oct 19505
21%
11%
12%
24%
13%
Week of Oct 26339
27%
10%
9%
12%
27%
News and mediaEncyclopedias and referenceAcademicGovernmentNonprofits and think tanksCompaniesSocial media and videoForums and Q&ABlogs and newslettersData and toolsLow provenanceNot yet classified
What are citations used for?
Each citation coded by the job it does in the answer.
47%
29%
18%
Evidence for a claimA statisticWho holds a viewBackground
What kind of a page gets cited?
A specific article, or a home page that cannot back a specific claim.
66%
10%
13%
ArticleData pageReference entryOfficial documentSocial or video postOther
Which questions get answers with citations?
Share of answers with a citation, per question. Tap a cell to read the answers.
How do chatbots handle yes-or-no questions?
Average position: +1 is a clear yes, −1 a clear no, 0 both sides. Tap a cell for the answers.