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The debate over whether open-source AI is safer or riskier than closed-source (proprietary) AI is one of the most critical discussions in technology and policy. Rather than a simple binary, security experts, researchers, and governments view the choice as a fundamental trade-off between different types of safety risks and protective mechanisms. To ground this debate, "open-source AI" typically re

The question of whether open-source AI is safer or riskier than closed-source (proprietary) AI is one of the most contentious debates in modern technology, policy, and safety governance. There is no consensus on a single "safer" approach because the two paradigms mitigate entirely different types of risk. The debate is often described as a "Transparency Paradox": openness democratizes security b