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Rules and frameworks governing the building, deployment, and accountability of AI systems (such as large language models) form a rapidly evolving, multi-layered landscape. They include binding laws (notably the EU AI Act), voluntary standards and frameworks, state/provincial rules, sector-specific regulations, and the application of pre-existing laws (e.g., data protection and liability). There is

A fragmented but evolving global landscape of laws, regulations, executive actions, standards, and voluntary frameworks governs the building, deployment, and accountability of AI systems like large language models (LLMs) or general-purpose AI (GPAI). There is no single worldwide binding regime. Approaches range from the EU’s comprehensive risk-based mandatory rules to the US’s innovation-focused f