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Grok 4.5Oct 20, 2026x-ai/grok-4.5-20260708

Was Joe Biden a good president?

[1][2][3][4]No, there is no objective "yes" or "no"—it is inherently subjective and depends on one's priorities, values, political views, and which metrics matter most (e.g., economic growth vs. inflation pain, ending wars vs. execution of withdrawals, legislative output vs. border security). Public opinion, historical comparisons, and data paint a mixed-to-negative picture overall, with notable legislative and foreign policy achievements alongside significant challenges on inflation, immigration, and the Afghanistan exit. Biden left office with low approval and is often ranked near the bottom among recent presidents in contemporaneous polls.[1]

Public Opinion and Historical Standing

Biden’s average Gallup job approval rating over his term was about 42.2%, the second-lowest among post-WWII presidents (only slightly above Donald Trump’s first-term average of ~41%). He started with a honeymoon period around 54–57% in early 2021, but ratings fell after the Afghanistan withdrawal and stayed mostly in the high 30s to low 40s thereafter, never recovering above 50% after mid-2021. His final rating hovered around 37–42%.[5][1]

Ratings were extremely polarized (high among Democrats, very low among Republicans and many independents). Gallup and other polls showed majorities viewing his presidency as below average or poor by the end. Factors frequently cited in low ratings included the economy (especially inflation’s lingering effects), immigration/border, age/fitness concerns (which intensified after the 2024 debate and led him to drop his reelection bid), and foreign policy flashpoints.[6]

Major Achievements

Supporters highlight a productive legislative record despite narrow congressional majorities, strong post-COVID recovery metrics in some areas, and restoring traditional alliances:

•COVID response and early relief: Rapid vaccine rollout (hundreds of millions of doses), American Rescue Plan Act (stimulus, expanded child tax credit, aid to states/schools).
•Infrastructure and industrial policy: Bipartisan Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (roads, bridges, broadband, water); CHIPS and Science Act (semiconductor manufacturing and research incentives, spurring private investment); Inflation Reduction Act (largest U.S. climate/clean energy investment, plus Medicare drug price negotiation and insulin caps for seniors).
•Economy and jobs: Roughly 15–16+ million jobs added; unemployment fell from ~6.4% at inauguration to a long stretch at or near historic lows (often under 4%, longest such period in decades for some metrics); solid real GDP growth (averages cited around 3%+ annualized in various analyses, with strong rebound years). Record-low unemployment rates for some demographic groups at points. Soft landing on inflation without a deep recession.[2][7]
•Other domestic: PACT Act (expanded benefits for veterans exposed to toxins); first major gun safety law in decades (Bipartisan Safer Communities Act); first Black woman on the Supreme Court (Ketanji Brown Jackson); efforts on student debt relief (partially blocked by courts) and marijuana pardons.
•Foreign policy: Strong support for Ukraine after Russia’s 2022 invasion (aid, NATO cohesion—more members meeting spending targets); strengthened Indo-Pacific partnerships (e.g., AUKUS, Quad elements) to counter China; ended the U.S. combat role in Afghanistan (America’s longest war). Alliances were generally rebuilt after the Trump years.[8]

White House fact sheets and supportive analyses emphasize manufacturing investments, lower prescription costs for some, and progress toward climate goals.[2]

Major Criticisms and Shortcomings

Critics (across parties, though more intensely from the right) point to mismanagement, unintended consequences, and failure to deliver on unity or fully address key voter concerns:

•Inflation and cost of living: CPI inflation peaked at ~9.1% in mid-2022 (40-year high); cumulative price increases of ~19–21% over the term. Real wages lagged initially for many. Causes debated (pandemic supply chains, energy shocks from Ukraine war, fiscal stimulus, Fed policy), but it was a dominant political liability. Inflation later cooled to the low-to-mid 3% range, but higher prices stuck.[4][9]
•Afghanistan withdrawal (2021): Chaotic execution after the decision to fully exit. Taliban rapid takeover; 13 U.S. service members killed in a Kabul airport bombing (plus many Afghan deaths); large-scale evacuation (~120,000 people) amid disorder; U.S. equipment left behind; questions about planning, intelligence assessments of Afghan forces, and long-term terrorism risks (though no major attacks on the U.S. homeland from Afghanistan followed immediately). It ended the war but damaged perceptions of competence.[10]
•Border and immigration: Record-high southwest border encounters (millions annually in peak years; cumulative nationwide encounters often cited exceeding 10 million since FY2021). High numbers of gotaways, releases into the U.S. pending hearings, strain on cities/shelter systems, and encounters with individuals on watchlists. Numbers later dropped significantly after executive actions restricting asylum (2024) and other measures, but the earlier surge defined much of the critique.[11][12]
•Other: Perceived cognitive/age-related decline (especially 2024), which affected the reelection campaign; mixed handling of Israel-Hamas war/Gaza (support for Israel alongside humanitarian concerns and domestic Democratic divisions); limited success on broader social spending (Build Back Better scaled back); rising polarization rather than the promised “unity.”
•Some progressive critiques focused on insufficient ambition (e.g., Supreme Court reform, fuller student debt cancellation, faster climate action) or Gaza policy. Conservative critiques emphasized spending, regulations, and “open borders.”[3]

Economic Snapshot

•Strengths: Robust job recovery and creation post-COVID; low unemployment for an extended period; GDP expansion outperforming many peer economies in the recovery phase; manufacturing investment announcements tied to industrial policy.
•Weaknesses: High inflation episode eroded purchasing power and dominated public perceptions of the economy for years, even as other metrics improved. Mortgage rates rose with Fed tightening. Real wage recovery was uneven.[13]

Comparisons to prior presidents vary by metric and starting conditions (Biden inherited COVID recovery; Trump faced the pandemic onset).

Bottom Line

Biden’s presidency featured substantial legislative wins on infrastructure, technology, climate/health costs, and a generally successful (if inflationary) economic rebound from the pandemic, plus firm support for Ukraine and alliance-building. These are concrete, measurable accomplishments. However, the chaotic Afghanistan exit, prolonged high inflation’s impact on households, record border encounters, and concerns about fitness/leadership style heavily weighed on public approval and legacy perceptions. He did not seek (and could not have won) a second term after 2024 events.

Whether this makes him “good” hinges on trade-offs: Is strong job growth and major bills enough to offset cost-of-living pain and border chaos? Is ending a forever war worth a messy exit? History’s longer view (economic durability of investments, Ukraine outcome, etc.) will matter more than today’s polarized snapshots. Different people reasonably weigh the evidence differently based on what they prioritize.

Citations (13)

  1. 1gallup.comCompanies
    https://news.gallup.com/poll/655298/biden-job-approval-second-lowest-among-post-wwii-presidents.aspx

    Backs: “[[1]](https://news.gallup.com/poll/655298/biden-job-approval-second-lowest-among-post-wwii-presidents.aspx)”

  2. 2ucsb.eduAcademic
    https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/fact-sheet-the-biden-harris-administration-record

    Backs: “[[2]](https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/fact-sheet-the-biden-harris-administration-record)”

  3. 3newsweek.comNews and mediaquality 0.82
    https://newsweek.com/joe-biden-biggest-blunders-mistakes-white-house-legacy-2016765

    Backs: “[[3]](https://newsweek.com/joe-biden-biggest-blunders-mistakes-white-house-legacy-2016765)”

  4. 4forbes.comNews and mediaquality 0.83
    https://www.forbes.com/sites/dereksaul/2024/11/01/how-the-economy-really-fared-under-bidenharris-and-trump-from-jobs-to-inflation-final-update/

    Backs: “[[4]](https://www.forbes.com/sites/dereksaul/2024/11/01/how-the-economy-really-fared-under-bidenharris-and-trump-from-jobs-to-inflation-final-update/)”

  5. 5ucsb.eduAcademic
    https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/statistics/data/final-presidential-job-approval-ratings

    Backs: “He started with a honeymoon period around 54–57% in early 2021, but ratings fell after the Afghanistan withdrawal and stayed mostly in the high 30s to low 40s thereafter, never recovering above 50% after mid-2021. His final rating hovered around 37–42%.”

  6. 6gallup.comCompanies
    https://news.gallup.com/poll/654650/americans-ratings-biden-tepid-steady.aspx

    Backs: “Factors frequently cited in low ratings included the economy (especially inflation’s lingering effects), immigration/border, age/fitness concerns (which intensified after the 2024 debate and led him to drop his reelection bid), and foreign policy flashpoints.”

  7. 7cepr.netNonprofits and think tanks
    https://cepr.net/publications/the-biden-boom-and-trump-slump-a-serious-comparison-of-the-two-economies/

    Backs: “Record-low unemployment rates for some demographic groups at points. Soft landing on inflation without a deep recession.”

  8. 8cfr.orgNonprofits and think tanks
    https://www.cfr.org/articles/bidens-legacy-major-accomplishments-unfinished-business

    Backs: “Strong support for Ukraine after Russia’s 2022 invasion (aid, NATO cohesion—more members meeting spending targets); strengthened Indo-Pacific partnerships (e.g., AUKUS, Quad elements) to counter China; ended the U.S. combat role in Afghanistan (America’s longest war). Alliances were generally rebuilt after the Trump…”

  9. 9govargus.comCompanies
    https://govargus.com/indicators/inflation

    Backs: “Inflation later cooled to the low-to-mid 3% range, but higher prices stuck.”

  10. 10pbs.orgNews and mediaquality 0.87
    https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/last-troops-exit-afghanistan-ending-americas-longest-war

    Backs: “U.S. equipment left behind; questions about planning, intelligence assessments of Afghan forces, and long-term terrorism risks (though no major attacks on the U.S. homeland from Afghanistan followed immediately). It ended the war but damaged perceptions of competence.”

  11. 11washingtonpost.comNews and mediaquality 0.82
    https://www.washingtonpost.com/immigration/2024/02/11/trump-biden-immigration-border-compared/

    Backs: “Numbers later dropped significantly after executive actions restricting asylum (2024) and other measures, but the earlier surge defined much of the critique.”

  12. 12house.govGovernment
    https://homeland.house.gov/2024/10/24/startling-stats-factsheet-fiscal-year-2024-ends-with-nearly-3-million-inadmissible-encounters-10-8-million-total-encounters-since-fy2021/

    Backs: “Numbers later dropped significantly after executive actions restricting asylum (2024) and other measures, but the earlier surge defined much of the critique.”

  13. 13factcheck.orgNonprofits and think tanks
    https://factcheck.org/2024/07/bidens-numbers-july-2024-update

    Backs: “Mortgage rates rose with Fed tightening. Real wage recovery was uneven.”