Responses

Short answer: Yes, in many sectors — this is already happening Real-world evidence from 2025–2026, as U.S. immigration enforcement has intensified, shows a fairly clear pattern: restricting immigration tightens labor supply in immigrant-dependent industries, even though the broader macroeconomic picture is more nuanced. Where shortages are showing up Construction: Immigrants made up roughly 3

Short answer: Often yes — especially in specific sectors and regions — but the overall picture is nuanced and depends on demographics, the sector, and how labor demand responds. The case for "yes, it causes shortages" Sector-specific effects are well documented. When immigration flows slow sharply, industries that rely heavily on foreign-born labor tend to feel it first and hardest: - Agricul